Sunday, November 6, 2011

Casey Anthony: in People and TIME Magazine

By: Nikki Garberg (People) and Maria Smith (TIME)

On July 5th, 2011, Casey Anthony was acquitted of all charges in a federal courtroom in Orlando, Florida. Her crime: killing her 2 year old daughter Caylee Anthony by using Chloroform to make her go to sleep then suffocated her by putting duct tape over her mouth and nose and later buried her remains. Caylee was killed in June of 2008.

In case you don’t know who Casey Anthony is or what the trial was about here’s a short video explaining basically what it’s about: http://www.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,1031182071001_2080685,00.html

Though the trial may not be occurring currently, the story of Casey Anthony and the highly controversial verdict she received in court is still debated to this day. People Magazine, a media source known for its up-to-date gossip on popular people and issues, has closely followed the Casey Anthony trial since 2008. One major feature of People Magazine is keeping the general public informed on the lives of countless celebrities.

Wanting to stay ahead of its competitors, People Magazine seized the opportunity to report on Casey Anthony by publishing several articles on the events leading to her trial and the aftermath of the final verdict. As a result, Casey Anthony was portrayed as a celebrity-like person in the magazine. From an article published on September, 21 2011 titled “Casey Anthony: Hiding Out in Fear,” People Magazine quotes a Department of Corrections spokeswoman referring to Casey Anthony as “one of the most hated women in America.” Though it may not be initially obvious, this “title” given to Casey Anthony by the Department of Corrections spokeswomen reflects a “celebrity-like” status. In other words, it sums up the fact that Casey Anthony is widely known, talked about and followed closely by large part of the population. All of these factors relating directly to popularity embody the definition of a celebrity, which happens to be People Magazine’s main focus.

On another note, as I stated above, People Magazine has a goal of keeping the general public informed on the lives of celebrities. This seems obvious by now, but who really is the “general public?” For People Magazine, the general public tends to lean toward the younger generations. While celebrity gossip is interesting to teenagers and young adults, middle-aged and older adults may find a news outlet such as CNN to be more informative. While there is always crossover of older people liking things geared more towards younger people (and vice versa), People Magazine is attempting to cater to the younger culture. As seen on the cover from People Magazine’s September 2011 edition, Casey Anthony’s photo can be seen next Kirstie Alley, Brad Pitt, Jennifer Aniston and Katy Perry, who all happen to be celebrity figures.


A main topic that reoccurs several times throughout the numerous articles published by People Magazine about Casey Anthony addresses her whereabouts, and more specifically where she went after she was acquitted of murder in the death of her two-year-old daughter. Just as the paparazzi follow celebrities, People Magazine attempts to follow Casey Anthony.

The word “sighting” in the screenshot above screams paparazzi. Casey Anthony is being portrayed as an elusive and mysterious person who can’t seem to be pinpointed at an exact location. Being it human nature to pursue gathering information on the unknown, people are intrigued by the mystery of Casey Anthony’s current location and more generally, her life since the trial.

If you’re still not convinced that People Magazine aims to market Casey Anthony as a celebrity, check out their book Outrage. People Magazine went as far as writing a book on the uproar of the public after the verdict of Casey Anthony’s trial was delivered.

In the screenshot above, the magazine boasts about having “unparalleled access at key moments of the case” to further market their book. In short, People Magazine views Casey Anthony as no more than another celebrity and uses the popularity of her story as a marketing tactic.

All of America watched the court case unravel month by month, year by year, you honestly couldn’t go anywhere without hearing about it, seeing it, or being affected by it. Literally, almost every major news station was talking about it, NBC, Nancy Grace, ABC, CBS, and more. But one might ask why was everybody in America obsessed with this case? Why was every tv station blowing it up? At about the same time Casey was being questioned on the disappearance of her daughter, there were other women making headlines as well for killing their kids: http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,2078030,00.html “Mothers Who Kill” by Time Mag. In the animal world, mothers sometimes abandon their children because they can’t take care of them or plain ol just don’t want them.

Time Magazine is a good source of information for just about everyone, it covers everything that’s happening in the U.S. to World News including business, entertainment, science, travel, and people events. At first glance, you might think, “Wow. Time covers everything” and when you read their articles you’re like “Interesting stuff, they tell everything so eloquently, it makes sense…” Time is also affiliated with CNN, Life, and CNN Money. What you may uncover if you look at how Time is built, how they writes, what they write about, what they deem newsworthy, is all connected to American values, morals, and laws. Ten Commandments are covered in their stories, especially the ‘shall not steal/kill/fight with neighbors/etc’ with stories that contain war, murder, money, etc. TIME only shows us stories that we’re interested in and from a certain point of view, from an American voice.

TIME potrays Casey Anthony as a “manipulative women who behaved callously after the disappearance of her child. May wind up a free woman in name only, shackled instead by a devastating reputation created during her many months in the national spotlight”, a quote directly taken from an article titled “Casey Anthony Release: will she be in danger after prison” (July 15, 2011). TIME paints her as a carefree mother who ‘partied days after the killing of her child’…the things you only ever read about Casey Anthony is negative, I’m guessing TIME is against pro-choice when it comes to abortion. The articles were sometimes lengthy and sometimes short, depended a lot on what they were writing about for the Anthony trial, anything including evidence (Casey’s mom and dad’s testimonials, physical evidence of Caylee’s disappearance, and the Crime Scene Investigators) were lengthy, later as the trial was coming to a halt (finally!) the media focused more on what the American people thought about it. TIME even tries to get people’s attention on other things related to the Anthony trial with links during the articles like: “why forensic evidence not enough to convict casey Anthony”, “moms who kill”, “are americans obsessed with the casey Anthony case?”, “see why most child abuse goes unreported”, etc.

Analysis:

Upon comparing TIME Magazine and People Magazine, we found several differences in the target audience, rhetoric, politics of representation and subjectivity. In Manufacturing Consent by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, James Curran and Jean Seaton talk about a significant period of growth for media in Great Britain. A “radical press” emerged in Great Britain, which was the first media outlet to give the working class people a sense of community. As Curran and Seaton say, it “unified the national working class” because it spoke about issues they sincerely cared about and could identify with. This relates directly to the way in which People Magazine presents their articles. By marketing the subjects in the stories they follow as celebrities, the magazine speaks to the younger side of the population who tend to have more of an interest in celebrity gossip. In contrast, TIME magazine targets the working class people, anyone who has kids, and anyone interested in world affairs/entertainment, U.S. breaking news, basically everyone except for the younger people.

In terms of rhetoric, People Magazine attempts to argue its targeted, young audience into thinking Casey Anthony is an elusive, mysterious figure. The magazine wants to keep its readers constantly intrigued and wanting to know more about her whereabouts. In addition to portraying Casey Anthony as a mysterious figure, they also argue the viewer into believing she is a cold person who shows little emotion. People Magazine’s photos of Casey Anthony show nothing other than a woman with a blank expression. Moreover, in TIME, they paint the portrayal of Casey as this horrible guilty woman who lies constantly and who is going to have this devastating reputation over her head for the rest of her life, reminiscent of the Scarlet Letter where Hester Prynne is alienated by her entire community because she had a child out of wedlock with the town’s pastor, which was a huge controversy.

When thinking about the politics of representation, Hegel and Ranke believe that there is one correct way to tell and view events of history. In terms of People Magazine, news about celebrities has always been and probably will always be presented as gossip. Seldom do you see a story about a famous person that does not have some kind of “juicy detail” that trashes their reputation, career or way of life. Casey Anthony, being marketed as a celebrity by People Magazine, is written about in a way that aims to expose each and every negative aspect of her life and her as a person. TIME magazine does it’s best to exploit her story and her as a person, “decharacterizing” the woman who killed her little girl, TIME represents this story and action as a big no-no further setting the morals of the American citizens and ideals.

Lastly, when taking a look at subjectivity and the position People Magazine is asking its readers to take on the story of Casey Anthony, we found that the magazine wants one to “follow the majority.” Almost all of the stories People Magazine publishes on Casey Anthony talk about things pertaining to her being guilty in the murder of her two-year-old daughter. So, in short, the People Magazine wants its readers to agree that Casey Anthony is in fact guilty, regardless of what the final verdict was. The same goes for TIME Magazine in sense that its writers want their readers to concur on Casey Anthony’s guilt. To sum up, this is the only similarity we found between TIME and People Magazine. Neither of the magazines argue her innocence.

The Killing of Gaddafi


By: Courtney O'Donnell, Taylor Smith, Erin Haws, Hailey Johnson, Lynn Bielski, and Melanie Harincar

Accurate information is hard to come by these days. There are so many news outlets out there, all with different authors, writers, producers, etc., all trying to prove their viewpoint on a certain issue is the right one. This can make it extremely hard to decide what we actually believe about an issue or story. For our News/Journalism Project, we decided to focus on the killing of Gaddafi (also spelled Gadaffi, Qaddafi, Kaddafi, Gadhafi) in Libya. Because there are so many spellings of his name, we all decided to go with the spelling our news source used. We each chose a media outlet to analyze: a blog post from The Guardian, The Daily Show, a blog post from ScientificAmerican.com, an Arabic online news posting website, a YouTube video, and news articles from CNN. We then compared how our sources and authors present the information differently or similarly and why that would be. Because we had six people in our group, our project is quite a bit longer than the recommended length, but we felt it was necessary to get an accurate view of each of our sources.

Analysis

Melanie Harincar

I found a blog posting on Gaddafi’s death from the The Guardian, a UK newspaper, titled “Gadaffi died as Sirte falls.” The blog was posted by Adam Gabbatt on Thursday, October 20th, the day Gaddafi died. This blog was written as the news of Gadaffi’s convoy was attacked to the announcement of his death, which is a span of five hours according to the times of the post. It is mainly other testimonies, images, videos and interviews rather than the authors own words that make up the bulk of the post. I found it extremely interesting that the author didn’t have much to write himself, considering he is the author, but yet he used other sources to portray the story. All of the images and video clips used were the same ones that were found on CNN, NBCs, or YouTubes sites. Granted, there isn’t much video footage of the event, but Gabbatt didn’t add any of his own input on the matter at all. It’s almost like Gabbat wants to stay away from the idea of ownership. He compiles many ideas and interviews from many sources, which seems a little repetitive and unorganized. We as an audience are receiving the same information that the New York Times and CNN are feeding the audience, but in a more brief format. Gabbatt decided what information the viewer will take in and what information is left out. The information is extremely selective and shapes an interpretation for the reader rather than having the reader interpret the information how they want. No background information leading up to the killing of Gadaffi was shared so the reader would have to be aware or up to date on the story in order to truly understand the severity of the situation. The story is so one-sided. Although there are interviews from Libyans, there were all about how they are relieved and excited that Gadaffi is dead. But this is not the way everyone in Libya felt. There were absolutely no testimonies stating that they were disappointed and upset at the fact that their leader was killed. But, I did find it extremely effective that the post was being written as the story was unfolding. I think it gives the reader an excited feeling knowing that they are reading the story first hand before the nightly news gets ahold of it and shares it with the world. When I went to find out more about the author, I found it extremely difficult. There was a little piece of information on the Guardian’s website that offered some help, but other than that Gabbatt was no where to be found! Although the information he provided on the story was very similar, if not the same, as other sites, it’s makes it hard for me to find him credible. He provided no personal insight or information. I think this is partly why Gabbatt used so many other testimonies and other types of media to write the story.

This story is a perfect example of a partial truth. Although Gadaffi is confirmed dead, how it happened is still uncertain. Whether he was shot in the head and chest, dragged through the streets of Sirte, or killed in an air strike attack by Nato or a French fighter jet. Everyone reporting on the the death seems to have a different story of how it happened. Depending on what type of news outlet you decide to receive information on the matter, intertextuality will be an issue.


Taylor Smith

http://arabic.rt.com/focuses/item/63564/

Understanding and viewing Gaddafi’s capture through an Arabic online news posting website was the most interesting, and arguably the best, way to view this project through. Finding the information I needed in a language that I had no understanding of was undoubtably the most challenging aspect of it all. I was definitely a little started and worried about what I was getting myself into when I came across a website with a man holding a gun at the top, but I figured I’d check it out. With my website up in one browser, and two google translators up in another, I managed to stumble across possibly worthy information. The website’s home page looked like a typical online news web page, if you ignore the man with heavy artillery at the top. It had a list of news articles lining down the middle of the page, with the most recent being first. I found my useful information from October 21, one day after Gaddafi’s capture on the twentieth. There were numerous articles provided over Libya’s leader’s death. Through these, I found a lot of information that I genuinely found shocking, particularly relating to the way Gaddafi was killed. A few articles reported that Gaddafi had been shot in the head and chest. Other ones stated how he was beaten, and even provided videos of these events. What I found most bizarre, was that there were even reportings of Gaddafi being killed from an airstrike. The more articles that I attempted to understand, the more I started to ask myself how credible all of this information was, considering it was all opposing one another. It all came down to the filters of ownership, advertising, free market ideology, sourcing, and flack, which I will get into later. For now, I want to bring up the second main item that I reflected on: The Audience.

All of the news articles provided through this website were free for anyone to comment on. It was here that I became most shocked with my findings. I realized that the general agreements made by the people were completely dependent on the article they were commenting on. Viewpoints were different under every article that I read. It was here that I also noticed that the reasoning behind Gaddafi’s death was very vague. Some commenters described it as a deed for his “terrible crimes”, others considered it in a wave of justice, for all the innocent lives that he took, and quite a few people noted that his death was something that simply “had to be done.” One thing that I noticed to be a common occurrence through all the comments, was the mention of God and Allah. Many commenters described his death as an act that was pleasing to Allah, because of all the killing and shedding of blood of his people. The phrase “ومات بطلا شهيدا”, meaning “he died a martyr, a hero” was repeated many times. At first, I was beyond confused by this statement, until I realized that a majority of these commenters felt a huge amount of joy for their freedom. Someone quoted a passage that stated “Think not of those who were killed in the way of Allah, but from the enemies of religion.” I was very shocked that a large amount of people had an immense amount of faith in their religion, and how they believed that they were the blessed ones for still being alive with Allah. With all of these viewpoints came the idea of inter-textuality. One news post will fall after another, with relatively same ideas, and leaving the audience with the same information.
The five filters play a huge roll in how the information gets across, along with inter-textuality. The anti-communism filter instilled, or created, fears within, to frighten the population into seeing what can happen to the people committing horrible crimes. This idea also gets rid of the people you “don’t like”, which leads to the funding and ownership aspect of it all. In order to have this information be like-able by everyone, you need different viewpoints. This explains the various amount of ways Gaddafi has been described as being killed. All of the information given can only be described as partial truths, with the rest being filled in with biases, emphasizing our findings in class. It’s interesting seeing how news outlets portray their views, depending on their region, class, political standing, personal viewpoints, and cultural bases.

Hailey Johnson

The media source i looked at is The Daily Show. The title of the segment is No’ Amor Qaddafi. It aired on October 20th, 2011. From then there have been 372,178 viewers online. It is hosted by Jon Stewart. Stewart is a “liberal” American political satirist, writer, television host, actor, media critic and stand-up comedian. Stewart has gained acclaim as an acerbic, satirical critic of personality-driven media shows, in particular those of the US media networks such as CNN, Fox News Channel, and MSNBC. Critics say Stewart benefits from a double standard: he critiques other news shows from the safe, removed position of his "fake news" desk. He LOVES to criticize Fox News for distorting the news to fit a conservative agenda. Bill O’Reilly dubbed that The Daily Show was a “key component in left –wing television”. As seen from this clip Stewart uses CNN, Fox News, and ABC News to compile a detailed account of the capture and killing of Moammar Qaddafi.
One of my favorite clips from this segment is Stewart’s Advice to Dictators segment:
Turns to right side camera: “Hey dictators, what’s up? Hey is that new wall paper in the rape room? (Clears throat and makes awkward head gesture like he is disgusted) Anyhow, hey listen: um, at some point the people that you’ve kept under your thumb for however many years are going to turn around and try to hunt you down. And at the point you may find yourself with the urge to hide in a hole. (Audience laughs) BUT, unless you’re the roadrunner, and can do this—jumps to a clip of the roadrunner picking up a black hole mark on the ground and running away fast with it—I would resist hidey-holing. ‘Cause at some point the angry guys with the guns, they’re checking the holes. Y’welcome. (Turns back to front camera)
I find it fascinating the way he does this segment and how the audience reacts (they laugh the entire time). Stewart puts a spin on the violent and cruel torture of Qaddafi in a comical light and plays it off as advice. And it was effective; case in point the laughter from the audience.

In this segment it is extremely substantial the amount of selection at work here. Of course Stewart is not playing the entirety of each news clip from each source; he is taking most of his clips out of context, to support his points on this issue. With this amount of selection, of what is told to the audience and what isn’t told to the audience, raises a red flag with me. It demonstrates that these media sources think that most people cannot be told the entirety of an issue, the entire facts of a situation are muddled over like we as Americans or any other person on this Earth cannot deal with it (oh and trust me I think the 7 billion people on this Earth have witnessed enough destruction and turmoil to sink the Titanic, but this is beside the point). It also poses an issue of what exactly is accurate? If a media source is shaping the narrative of the story by selecting which information to tell its viewers, then how do we know the media source isn’t fabricating the story to fit its overall bias? We can’t tell, and that’s the issue with today’s news coverage. It is shaped and selected to dramatize and over escalate to get more viewers. Whatever happened to reporting the news to learn what was happening in the world?
Anyway, let’s look at the media source itself. I find it interesting that The Daily Show and how its run, satirical news reporting, is growing in the news realm of broadcasting. Along with The Colbert Report and other satirical reporting, more people are turning to these media’s for the news rather than actual news stations like CNN, ABC, and Fox, etc. My hypothesis of why satirical programs are becoming more popular is that these programs offer their viewers something other than news: a filter or sorts: comedy. Comedy gives the “news” a different spin. It lets the viewers have objectivity when getting the current events of the day. On regular programs the news is broadcast in a dreary light, I think. It mainly only talks about the destruction and turmoil of the world and some don’t find the negativity appealing. So, they turn to a different outlet, which still broadcasts about mostly the same events but with a different light to it all. In other words these satirical programs give viewers an outlet where they can watch the news, still get the basic ‘facts’ but be able to disconnect from the harshness of these dark times.
I also find it interesting the sources that The Daily Show uses to make its segment on Kaddafi. For example the American Morning clip and the tag line from CNN saying that the White House cannot confirm the capture or kill. The sources we think are viable may not always be credible. Just because it was a government citing doesn’t mean they know all. The reason that tag line was there was to show that because the ‘White House’ hasn’t confirmed it there is a possibility that it was not ‘true’, while the Libyan news source are posting pictures of Kaddafi’s dead body being paraded around by the rebels. It’s an interesting paradox that the American society has created around its sources and its ‘facts’.
link:http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-october-20-2011/no-amor-qaddafi

Courtney O’Donnell

The source on Gaddafi’s death I found interesting is a blog post on ScientificAmerican.com. John Horgan wrote a blog post on October 29, 2011, titled, “Why Gaddafi’s Death Doesn’t Fill Me With Joy”. Horgan is a white man in his late fifties. He is a science journalist who has published multiple books and is the Director of the Center for Science Writings at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey. It was a breath of fresh air compared to the other articles from the New York Times and the Washington Post that I’ve been reading because he used his own thoughts, his own ideas, and his own words to portray what he actually thought about the death of Gaddafi in Libya. The articles published in these newspapers, unless in the editorial or opinion sections, are highly subject to ownership. They all use sourcing and fact-checking so almost all the articles published in the big name newspapers look nearly identical to one another. That is a great example of intertextuality: we see the situation a certain way because all the main sources we read on a daily basis portray it the same way. To begin this blog post, Horgan starts out by saying he wasn’t even going to comment on the situation in Libya until he read a New York Times article titled, “Dictators Get the Death They Deserve,” and decided he couldn’t keep his opinions to himself. He was outraged by what the article said. He goes on to talk about how, yes, Gaddafi was a horrible person, but two wrongs don’t make a right. He mentions that even though the rebels were supposed to be the “good guys”, they would go around killing people just for supporting Gaddafi. Horgan agrees that Gaddafi did indeed deserve punishment, but he feels the world needs to come up with a better option for solving conflicts than turning to violence each and every time. He says the US is a main problem in this situation since we are the number one arms supplier in the world. Even though he agrees that humanitarian intervention may be necessary at times, he believes it has potential to cause further violence in the countries in which we are intervening. The main point of this post? It’s good Gaddafi will no longer have control over Libya, but the countries of our world, mainly the United States, need to come up with better ways to solve conflict than by supplying weapons, fighting wars, and using violence. This blog post was interesting because Horgan wasn’t afraid to say what he actually thought, that maybe it wasn’t the best idea to kill Gaddafi. All the big name news outlets seem to be in large support of the way the rebels, the US, and NATO dealt with this situation, so it was nice to read something that used different facts we don’t often see and argued different points we don’t often hear. Finding this blog post took a lot of searching. Whenever I would type in “Gaddafi killed” or anything like that into Google, immediately all the major news sources would pop up at the top of the list. Had I not searched further, I would not have found this blog. That means I would still be stuck reading the same opinions over and over again in Time, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, etc. These big name news outlets definitely control what news is readily available to the average American who doesn’t have time to search the internet for obscure opinions on hot-button issues every day. As we learned in class, history is full of partial truths. Every news article we read and every news program we watch is filled with shading and personal biases. I believe it is important to read a wide array of news outlets to get as many opinions as possible on any given issue.

Lynn Bielski

I found the most interesting piece of Gaddafi’s capture through a Video on YouTube which recalls the capture and execution of Gaddafi from the men who killed him,themselves. This video is packed with information as it is recognized that the revolutionists don’t match up their stories, their body language is hardly that of a soldier, it’s from AlJazeera, and lastly there are pages of opinions about the death of Gaddafi following the video from “everyday” people and what they believe to be true. This video was posted on Oct 20, 2011 - making it quite recent after his capture on the 20th according to Wikipedia. It is being filmed outside in Libya, Gaddafi’s country.

Reading into this article/video it seems as though it should be very legit, first hand information because the soldiers, themselves, are recalling the event of his capture. They looked like the are dressed to fight, the news caster has a fancy suit and the AlJazeera organization even has a fancy emblem floating in the bottom left corner. It wasn’t until I read the comments made by others, and listened to the fighter’s testimonies a few times that things suddenly didn’t match up like a promising news story would, relative to that information found on NBC or BBC. When I compared the accounts given by the soldiers “ He was hit in the head and the chest, we tried to revive him,” “The last person to come out was Gaddafi, himself. He did not resist.” “The Gaddafi came out asking ‘what’s going on, whats happening.” “He was shot in the neck and the chest.” - These alone didn’t even concur with each other, there are different accounts of how he was killed, that they tried to save him at first, how he presented himself when they found him. I compared this to the raw footage (WARNING: very graphic) of his capture where there is merciless beating, torturing, and killing. That is NOT how I imagined his capture when the Libyan soldiers were talking about it. They seemed like scripted liars, which could be a protective measure. However, there are zero emotions as if the stories had been rehearsed, looks to the right which indicates lying, and a few stumbles about what happened.

Why would an Arabic Language news network such as AlJazeera air such a staged piece of news information? Because of ALL of the filters: Ownership, advertising, free market ideology, sourcing, and flack. Al jazeera is not going to want to be held responsible (ownership) for the real news information that brings Libya down, they want to advertise as being the good, supportive guys (flack). In terms of sourcing, maybe they weren’t trying to get phony recollections of information from the soldiers, but they were there and they have their OWN way of telling what “really” happened during the capture of Gaddafi. It seems celebratory as their country was leading away from Gaddafi’s socialist leadership.

Erin Haws

Researching through the titles of news articles on CNN, I found very few that related to information into Gaddafi’s death, and many of the articles posted revealed very little describing what is known, how much is being done to really uncover the details of the murder (was he killed in crossfire, summarily executed, or lynched and dragged through the streets), and why does it matter? Many of the articles posted related to topics seeming irrelevant to the “big question”, often not even mentioning Gaddafi’s name, and related to controversies that came with his death involving other world leaders and affairs. I found this interesting when relating it to exactly what kind of “history” our own country is interested in recording, and what a major news source like CNN decides to relay to the public. It posed the questions in my mind of where is this information coming from (who’s testimony is this, how many people has it been passed through, what kind of a representation can be accurately translated through such a cultural divide, what kind of rhetoric is merged into the stories they choose to post, etc), which better helped me read further into articles in search of something that consisted of heavy affirmation, representations from subjects and various classes and types of people, and some solid data relating to Gaddafi’s death (more of peoples own recordings of events to better seek the “truth”).

I found two articles that I used for analysis. The first, titled “Gadhafi's death should be probed, U.N. agency says”, redarded the questions surrounding Gaddafi’s death. I found it interesting in a number of ways. First in just the general way Gaddafi is talked about. He is mentioned with an sense of cool disconnect that gives the reader just enough information to form an opinion, and visualize in their minds what happened (inseparably mixed with their own bias on what they believe should have happened), with almost no real information of substance or “history” throughout the text discussing any leads that would give real insight into the series of events up to his death. Very vague and broad statements are used repetitively in a way that makes it seem like you are picking up on a story, when in reality it is just inter-textuality and filtering at work. It is mostly all talk stating the “work” that is being done looking into the murder, and the reason behind why justice must be carried out in the solving of this case. But if you paraphrase what is really being said, where is this work represented? With statements like it's important that "justice is done" to bring "closure”, “More details are needed to ascertain”, and “circumstances of late Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi's death are "unclear" and need to be investigated”, the illusion is created that people are hard at work uncovering these “truths”, when in reality minimal story is represented except the occasional time frame and location of events. I also found it interesting that the article was titled “Gadhafi's death should be probed, U.N. agency says”, yet many of the images shown were hardly relevant to this “probing” into the case (one referencing his assets, and another addressing the next chapter in the Arab Spring). With all the graphic video and images being posted online, its hard to even comprehend what events actually took place, so a simple article like this sort of “sums things up” in an impersonal way that is easy for the reader to accept. And maybe a lot of information has been uncovered about his death, but how much of this is the public actually seeing? Another aspect I found strange was the lack of information of sourcing. Even finding out who the author of the article was (in small print at top left side of web page)some of his credentials, and his own sourcing was difficult. It just proves the strange development the country has made towards blindly following major news outlets, when in reality most people have no idea where the information is coming from, and the accuracy of the news stated (how many partial truths were told to gain a somewhat “truthful” depiction of events?)

Although the second article (titled: “Retribution a byproduct or warning sign in Libya?”) focused very little on the questions surrounding Gaddafi’s death, I still found it a good example of some of the things we discussed in class. First off, there seems to be an overall message that many murders are taking place now that revolution is under way, but such a thing is “normal” in a situation like this (revolution of a country after a long dictatorship). And again, very little is actually said about the deaths. Who is being killed? Is it civilians, Gaddafi supporters, or is the environment just an all around hostile kill zone. Statements like “Human Rights Watch says dozens of apparent reprisal killings also occurred on both sides”, give the reader that piece of knowledge giving the sense of “news” they are seeking, but is mixed with phrases like “apparent killings” that completely undermine the whole bit of news. Because major news outlets are constantly competing for the “next big story”, they put very little time and money into uncovering the real in depth stories and events taking place. I feel to really get a glimpse into a story as complex as the Libyan Revolution, a lot of time and heavy coverage in Libya would need to take place. But the fight for the highest ratings trumps this desire for “real” news. With broad storyline, and sums of murder count numbers, major news outlets are able to relay lacking information to the public, while still getting ratings because people think they are staying up to date on world affairs.

http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/25/world/libya-reprisals/index.html?iref=storysearch
http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/21/world/africa/libya-un/index.html?iref=allsearch


Comparisons

In comparing my new evidence from AlJazeera with CNN, I think one thing is safe to say: nobody can decide on a news story. The US claims that although justice has been done it still needs the closure from other sources such as government officials who will find out what they want to find out, such as things which will make their country look best. Which is the exact same thing that Arab countries from the Al Jazeera site are trying to convey as well, even when it’s obvious that soldiers who supposedly had a “first hand” experience in the capture of Gaddafi can’t agree on their stories either. This is concurrent with the sources which don't know if Gaddaffi was killed in the process of his capture, or if he was killed after his capture, as one soldier from my source said they tried to seek a doctor, when one just said nothing of medical attention. Sources are leaving things up for interpertation: as CNN describes that more and more evidence is always being searched for, while AlJazeera can’t get their facts straight and post it to YouTube, where people leave comments all the way from things saying “RIP gaddafi the rats will die is why no one talking about all the great things gaddafi did and in islam you don’t kill a pow in cold blood.” to “and so what hes been killing us and raping women in front of our eyes bullet to the head was the least F***** up painful way he could have deserved to die.” When we have CNN and Arabic countries not agreeing on what has happened, our history comes to be shaped by the opinions of people who don’t really know anything but how to type their uneducated opinion on YouTube or by posting things on the internet, calling radio stations, or writing articles which will inevitably be baised with the “coulds” “woulds” “shoulds” of our opinions and the filtering to what someone wants to hear based off of where they are from. Ultimately from an individual country comparison standpoint, my source is very similar to Erin’s in that each country is filtering out what they want to hear.

In comparing the segment from The Daily Show and the clips of the Libyan soldier’s accounts and the live footage, both media’s are very different in relation to each other. One works satirically and other tells the account extremely seriously. Both demonstrate different techniques in spreading the news, but yet they are similar in a way: both used testimonies to explain what happened, whether ‘false’ or not. It can be seen from both media sources that there is a fair amount of selection, sourcing, and flack present. The selection from both sides is incredible. From both media’s the viewers never get the entire story. The Daily Show tells the viewers what they want in accordance with what will help their broadcast and the Aljazeera broadcast does similar; although the accounts from the soldiers might have been staged it is still interesting to see that they told incongruent tales from each soldier. This can be seen as subjectivity. The sourcing from each media strikes an interesting point. From The Daily Show we witness stories from American sources that lack information and concrete evidence and from Aljazeera we see details from witnesses but they are as accurate as the stories from The Daily Show. Because the tales are from soldiers on the scene we, as viewers, think that the story will be more accurate, but it turns out to be just as faulty. The live footage on the other hand shows great detail of what really happened. It is gruesome and cruel but it depicts the violence that actually took place in the capture and killing of Gaddafi. In analyzing the flack present in each media source it is distinct that each source is trying to get a say on the big story. And because they want to be the ‘first’ to report the event their information may not be as accurate and factual, displaying a conundrum: what/who can we trust to tell the truth of what actually happened?
Overall I find that both media sources tell their own story in their own subjectivity and representation, which then depicts an inter-texuality in the viewers minds of who can we trust to tell us the entire story? Even though these media sources are subject to selection, shaping, sourcing flack, and many others, I think that both are effective in the way they tell their stories; effective in a way that they created a picture of what happened, got the ball rolling if you will, and got their word out. I think they tried to be accurate and factual but when they hit a dead end on information they ran with what they had, a story with holes in it. So the question is do viewers look for accuracy of effectiveness when looking for a good scoop on a story/ current events? From this I can tell you: I think these big media sources are controlling the news/ history. They tell what ‘needs’ to be told and nothing more even if it is a crucial detail that they are leaving out. From this we base our information on which could be inaccurate depending on which source we get the information from and if we do more research. I think media sources have a greater control over the news then we think possible. Media sources select, source, shade, advertise and other filters that compile into a representation that we as viewers take for granted.

When comparing The Guardian to Arabic online news, I noticed some interesting things. It seems to me that the confusion of how Gadaffi was actually killed is apparent overseas and in the United States. The same three ideas were present in both articles: shot in the head and chest, brutally beaten, or from an airstrike. Also, much like the way people blog post today, the Arabs comment on each posting as they see fit. It’s very interesting to me that this is such a common practice around the world with only one difference: language. These two articles shared mostly the same information. Although there could be some information and ideas lost in translation, it seems that all news organizations are only as sure of what happened as the rest of them. One story doesn’t seem to have a better understanding than another. News stories today are so filtered and selective it’s almost unbelievable. The information provided does not make either news station look bad, and they don’t criticize anyone elses work because no one can confirm exactly what happened.

Comparing the views of the outraged scientist John Horgan and the political satirist Jon Stewart was extremely interesting. Jon Stewart compiles his stories for audience amusement, whereas John Horgan blogs to create controversial viewpoints of scientific issues (he made an exception in this case to comment on a political issue). I found the Stewart segment extremely amusing even though it might not have been the most informational piece of news we found. It is definitely a show I would watch on a regular basis for entertainment. He looked at the killing of Gaddafi through a political viewpoint and then gave it a funny twist. His show is good for getting the basic facts, like what big things are going on in the world, but when it gets down to the hard-hitting facts, his show can’t really be trusted. Because they use so much selection when making the show, the audience will never really receive all the facts. The producers may need to purposely leave out some facts to make the comedy fit better with the story. Regardless, it was interesting to hear about the death of Gaddafi through a more comedic viewpoint instead of the normal seriousness of the mainstream news. Jon Stewart can pretty much say what he wants, and he won’t get in trouble, so it’s nice to get an uncensored veiw of the issue. Horgan’s blog is also uncensored. The Horgan blog, however, really got me thinking about the issues instead of just being purely entertainment. I’d never really thought about a majority of the facts he brought up in the blog, and the fact that he brought up the bigger issues in the world instead of just solely focusing on Gaddafi’s death was refreshing. He focused on what types of things are going wrong in our world and what needs to be fixed to prevent thing from escalating further. His blog is mostly opinion based, although he does use some alternative sources. Both of these sources are fairly uncensored, Horgan’s blog a lot more so than The Daily Show which is subject to a high amount of selection. We get a very different view of this story from each of these sources, which can really make us question what to actually believe.

While thinking about comparing articles, I automatically assumed the articles I found through Arabic news posts would be drastically different from the ones the rest of my group members found. Although, with reading Courtney’s findings from John Horgan, an online blogger, I was genuinely shocked with how similar they really were. Courtney described how Horgan used his own ideas, thoughts, and words to convey his viewpoints, which didn’t follow the ‘norm’ of the big news outlets, and I found the same true with mine. I was expecting to see articles and comments of people’s declarations of joy, stating that their struggles were finally over. I found it true for both, that there were definitely agreements that something needed to be done to control Gaddafi, but the extent that the actions went were a little far fetched and unnecessary. In both Horgan’s posts and those of news postings on Arabic online sources, different points were argued that we don’t hear often, most noticeably the blessings that were given to Gaddafi, from the comments that I read. One thing that did differ, was Horgan offered options for change, and how different countries can use different methods for getting their points across, something that wasn’t conveyed in the Arabic posts. It was interesting seeing the different view points, and reading something that doesn’t necessarily follow the idea of inter-textuality, much like Horgan’s. Partial truths were present in both of our findings, with the rest being filled with personal biases. Our readings and findings offered viewpoints that differ from ones you would find in big news outlets. Even though it took much searching to find them both, their views and filters greatly contribute towards the overall message.

When comparing CNN news to The Guardian, I found what Melanie had to say very similar to my own analysis of “news”. Although CNN is a larger outlet, the two seemed similar in the sense that their devotion to uncover some solid truths was lacking. Both news sources seem to be more interested in getting stories out first, in hopes of gaining the bigger audience. I also found it interesting that the majority of what Gabbott posted was relayed through other news sources, like CNN and NBC. Its just another example of how we, the public, have no idea the accurracy of news being relayed. This source gets there information through one news outlet, who gets it from another, who gets theirs from The Guardian, who gets theirs from CNN. Its almost like a bad game of telephone. The two findings were also similar in the sense that finding information on the actual author of specific articles, and some of their credentials is very difficult. Like Melanie said, Its almost like the authors don’t want ownership. I know that on the CNN website there was a lot of emphasis on everything being more tied to the CNN organization, rather than individual work. There were some differences however, mainly in the way that The Guardian is more focused on getting the most information out there, gathered from whatever they can find. CNN does not use this exact approach because they want the public to think they are out their uncovering their own “truths”. By this I mean they are a little less obvious where they are gathering their information from. But overall, although the two outlets differ in scale and sourcing of information, I still found similarities in the methods they used, the stories they post, and the motives behind relaying news to the public.

Overall we all took the position that the media these days is quite overbearing and has a great amount of control in the news business. They select what to tell the world, shape how they tell the world, they advertise what they want the world to buy, and they use the sources with ease even if the information from them is not entirely factual. As one can see from each analysis and comparison some mediums have much in common in the way they filter their broadcasts and how the viewers perceive it. With a combination of rhetoric and subjectivity these controlling media sources’ political representations have an immense impact on the world.


Friday, November 4, 2011

Representations of Steve Jobs in The Media

Representations of Steve Jobs in The Media
By: Nicole Bloms & Kelly McInnis

Steve Jobs, the founder and brains behind Apple Inc. died on October 5th 2011. When he died, the entire world mourned his passing. Media outlets around the world ran stories about his legacy that hailed his creative genius. But how did the media’s representations of Jobs’ passing differ? We found and compared two online articles with very different opinions on Steve Job’s legacy. The links to these articles are as follows:

-Fox 9 News Minneapolis: “Job’s Inventions Form Creative Legacy”
-CNN’s Belief Blog: “Are We Turning Steve Jobs Into A Saint?”

The Fox 9 News Station in Minneapolis ran a story the day after Jobs’ death, which talked about the inventor’s legacy. The Fox 9 news reporter interviewed a few people who use Apple products, including John Lenker, an Internet consultant who “owes his career to what Jobs helped evolve.” Lenker said, “Steve Jobs enabled the entire planet to be creative in a way they never could have before.” The article highly praises Jobs, but its praise basically comes from one point of view. The reporter only interviewed people like Lenker, who use Apple products, and who owe their success to these products. These people likely view Jobs much more favorably than people who do not personally benefit from Jobs’ computers.

Also, this representation of Steve Jobs’ legacy displays The Fox 9 Station’s own point of view. Fox 9, a notably conservative station, is likely to value strong entrepreneurs and capitalists, like Jobs, slightly more than a liberally biased station would. This viewpoint fits into the overall conservative mindset that government should be small and that individual success should be highly valued. Because of the Fox 9 Station’s inherent ideology, it is not surprising that they only had good things to say about Jobs.

This Fox 9 online article is based off of a video that the station on October 6th. The images in this video reinforce the high status that Fox gives Jobs. The video opens with footage (recorded on the iPad and iPhone) of a memorial outside an Apple store in New York. Candles, apples, flowers, and a sign that says, “Keep thinking different,” are displayed on the steps outside the store. The video then jumps to the Firstech store in Minneapolis where more flowers adorn the entrance. This Minneapolis store is significant because it was the first Apple retailer in the world, and was handpicked by Jobs himself in 1977. The video footage reinforces the singular viewpoint of Apple users displayed by the text in the Fox 9 station’s article.

Fox 9 was not the only station to highly praise Jobs. Many news outlets around the world ran favorable and mournful articles. On October 26th, CNN’s Belief Blog, a religious blog that runs on the CNN site, posted an article that responded to the media’s high praise, and had less favorable things to say.

This blog post was titled “Short Takes: Are We Turning Steve Jobs Into A Saint?” The post is very different than most of the articles on Jobs’ passing. This blog article has four prominent but very diverse people weighing in on the media uproar after Job’s death. These contributors include a Professor of Religion, a Jesuit Priest, the editor of CultofMac.com, a news site that tracks Apple products, and finally a Professor of Sociology.

Where as other articles broadcast Jobs’ success and honorary status, this article discusses not only his positive attributes but also the negative. Overall, this blog post was critical of how the general media turned Steve Jobs into an almost “superhuman, glorified cultural hero,” and worshiped him like a “cult of celebrity.” The blog sees the public reaction to Steve Jobs’ death as yet another example of modern America’s tendency to worship celebrity figures. The blog states that “As more and more people move away from conventional religions and identify as “nones” (those who choose to claim “no religion” in polls and surveys), celebrity worship and other cultural forms of sacred commitment and meaning will assume an even greater market share of the spiritual marketplace.” In this way, the Belief Blog separates the cultural reaction to Jobs’ death from the actual man himself. In their opinion, the media’s reaction to Jobs’ passing is more representative of a cultural phenomenon of celebrity veneration, rather then as strictly a testament to Steve Job’s individual greatness.

The Belief Blog is CNN’s religious blog, and it explores the current issues of today from a distinctly religious perspective that is not seen in regular news outlets. This blog did praise Jobs as an important and successful inventor, but they were also critical of how he is being elevated to almost saintly status. James Martin, the Jesuit Priest who helped write this blog post, discussed how saints must not only be viewed highly by society, but saints must also live a worthy, charitable life. “That is a rock-bottom requirement for a saint: kindness,” the Priest said. Also, the Priest discussed a new biography of Steve Jobs that shows the man in a more honest light. He admits that Steve Jobs was definitely a genius, but “Walter Isaacson’s new biography...is chock full of incidents of its subject’s less-than-charitable behavior.” Therefore, in this Priest’s opinion, Steve Jobs does not meet both requirements for sainthood.

To be fair, the mass media is praising Steve Jobs very highly, but it is not the popular opinion that Jobs should be signed up for Christian Sainthood. It may be true that Steve Jobs was not the most charitable person ever, but the Priest’s statement of this fact seems almost nit-picky, as though he is searching to find a fault in the man. The Priest’s opinion, although very interesting, seems almost defensive, and cannot be separated from his own religious beliefs.

Both Fox 9’s and The Belief Blog’s views of Steve Job’s passing were very interesting to look at. The Fox 9 Station’s article and video were clearly much different than the article on CNN’s Belief Blog. The Fox 9 article samples a small, biased population of Apple users to create a story that glorifies Steve Jobs and the things that he created. The Belief Blog, on the other hand, takes a step back and analyses what they perceive to be the over-the-top glorification of Steve Jobs. As a religious source, they almost seemed to feel threatened by the great outpour of public emotion for Jobs. However, their criticism was not directed at the man himself, but rather at a worrisome cultural phenomenon they observe in America’s reaction to Job’s passing. Both of these stories are partial, they only tell one carefully chosen side of the story. Both articles are also rhetorical in that they reveal the ideology of the source. Fox 9 has a conservative ideology, and the Belief Blog has a strong religious, specifically Christian, ideology. From the language these two articles use, to the contributors who were chosen to write them, these articles cannot be separated from their sources’ points of view.

The Views on Troop Withdrawal



Cassie Villari
Emily Snyder
Megan Feltz














America is a culture of differing views. In particular, we found this to be very true when comparing a Democratic, Republican and then a British view on the withdrawal of the troops.

Beginning with the Democratic side of things, the source that was analyzed was one from Politico. (http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1011/66644.html#ixzz1cVadA83t) When first entering the website, the red, white and blue colors make it known it is an American website. All of the advertisements as well make it known it is for politics. The article itself spans two different pages on the website and spans 749 words. One of the reasons I believe they do this is to get more advertising out because when you go to page two it shows different ads as before. Beginning with the title, it is a known fact that Hillary Clinton stands behind Obama’s decision. This is a democratic article because it supports our democratic president. Politico has been known to be more republican than democratic recently according to Wikipedia, but after the last election it has expanded its reporters so it was more balanced. This particular article though has a very strong democratic tie. It has no criticism of the plan to withdraw the troops and only backs it up. It starts with the large image of Hillary Clinton giving a speech with the caption “Clinton stresses that a 'robust' diplomatic presence will remain in Iraq.” There is also an interview of her on the show This Week with Christiane Amanpour that is unable to copy onto the blog. Basically the article is just taking quotes from all her interviews with the news stations in the past week after the announcement was made. She is the one who has defended Obama’s decision and has taken backlash for it. Clinton believes that the war was a victory for the United States. She believes that we have a strong relationship with the new Iraqi government. The sources the quotes come from is ABC’s This Week with Christiane Amanpour, Fox News Sunday, and NBC’s Meet the Press. These are all well-known sources and are all very public considering they are Sunday morning news shows. The quotes from what she says signify that she is backing up the decision to withdraw the troops.


According to the blog “Senators ask for full hearing on Iraq troop withdrawal” on thehill.com, (http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/190171-senators-ask-for-full-hearing-on-iraq-troop-withdrawal) Republicans favor troops to stay in Iran following 2011 because of the ‘gains’ we have already made so far. An agreement was made that stated Americans will train the Iraqi government in the future to become better leaders, but withdrawing troops could cause this training to never happen or lag. They believe that Obama’s announcement was a serious mistake, even though Bush negotiated this agreement before he left office. Although they agree with the Democrats that we should get our troops home as soon as possible, this is not the way to go about doing so.

Conservatives argue as to why it is unnecessary to put our victories at risk that were won through the blood and sacrifice of many Americans over the past decade. According to LA Times Blogs, some republican senators state that the Iraqi people are currently too unstable for us too vacate and it may end up hurting our country in the future. Is all the fighting we did for the last decade all worth nothing? Michele Bachmann on ABC News argues that the Iraqi people have disrespected the very people that overthrew their former dictator, Saddam Hussein, and that they owe us the 700 billion we spent waging war there. She thinks that our country will be left in a fragile state after the war and we may be subject to dominance by Iran and their influence in the region.

One can tell that the blog from The Hill is a Republican blog because it used patriotic designs and colors in the layout to show that they are proud to be Americans and are proud of their country. This could lead to why the conservative side is concerned with losing all we have fought for. They also use short paragraphs to get their point across and idolize one powerful statement per paragraph. If each paragraph went into detail, it may cause the reader to skim over important sections, so it was more strategic to leave the paragraphs short and sweet. The entire blog post is short in nature because they want to leave a lot of space and opportunity for elaboration on the topic. Seeing comments from average Americans elaborating on the topic makes the blog more powerful. They included a letter from the United States Senate to make an impact on the audience, showing that the situation is real and to help justify their argument.

On Friday, October 21, 2011, a British national daily newspaper called the Guardian posted an article about Barack Obama’s announcement of troop withdrawals from Iraq called “Iraq rejects US request to maintain bases after troop withdrawal.” (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/21/iraq-rejects-us-plea-bases) This publication is known to have a centre-left liberal alignment. In an interview, the article’s writer, Ewen MacAskill, described the left-leaning stance of the publication by saying, “there’s a difference between fairness and objectivity” (Marx). Due to this, greater editorializing is used in British news stories than national American news stories. This gives much more freedom for those writing for the Guardian, and may explain the clear stance within the article.

The title alone suggests failure on the part of Obama and the United States by using the word reject. As a subheading it also says that, “Obama announce the full withdrawal of troops from Iraq but fails to persuade Nouri al-Maliki to allow US to keep bases there.” Obama is once again but in the light of failure and disappointment, but more directly stated this time. An interesting thing to point out is the video clip places under the title, and before the beginning of the article.

The normal, unedited video of Obama’s announcement of full Iraq troop withdrawal lasts six minutes and nineteen seconds; however, the clip on the article only shows one minute and two seconds of the announcement. In the minute-long clip, Obama speaks of the promise he made during his candidacy for presidency to bring the war in Iraq to an end, and his promise to bring troops back by the end of 2011. He also states that the Iraqi prime minister and he are in full agreement about Iraqi people forging their own future, and the plans for moving forward. He says that all his promises are fulfilled. This frames Obama’s intentions in a positive light, by focusing on the fulfillment of his promise. However, it left out the details contained within the other five minutes of the speech. This may have been used to form a more balanced opinion of president Obama’s actions because the article does not put things in a positive light.

MacAskill’s article is structured with 1,005 words composed into 28 short paragraphs with a line length of approximately four inches. The conciseness of both the paragraphs and the video may be representative of the growing presence of a limited attention span in today’s culture. Short paragraphs also serve well to emphasize main points and break up a long article into more easily read sections.

Content compares Obama’s claims of success and promise fulfillment with the significance of his failure to persuade Maliki into allowing American bases in Iraq past 2011. Mostly, the article compiled many quotes of others, with small bits of statistics and opinions in between. In this normally liberal newspaper, the article seems to be written from a Republican subject position, with the emphasis of many republican opinions accompanied with support dialogue from the author. The Republican stance may show that even as a liberal, MacAskill may disagree with Obama’s measures and the reason for the withdrawal. Lack of proper negotiation and political relationships caused the rejection of American immunity, and therefore the withdrawal of troops. The time, lives, and money used up in the war were all said to be to no avail due to Obama’s lack of a relationship with Maliki.

The end of the article seems to quantify the effect of the war, and what will be needed to officially end it. Numbers serve to show the extent of the damage on human life and the economy. Once again, this emphasizes the perceived failure of Obama by showing the damage coming without any positive results.

One can see that each perspective differs favorably. The views of Republicans and Democrats can be perceived as black and white: total opposites. The British serve as an outside perspective as to what other countries think of the withdrawal of troops from Iraq. The Democrats see Obama’s announcement as a victory and they commend Obama for having such great leadership skills. Republicans believe that Obama’s announcement was not a good idea and that the money, blood, and tears put into this war will all become worthless. The most drastic difference between the two views is relating to whether or not Iraq is stable enough to survive without U.S. troops there. Democrats believe that Iraq is stable and that the U.S. still possesses a strong relationship with them so they should be fine without our presence. Within their literature, they articulate a strong belief that America accomplished what they set out to do: giving Iraq the ability to run a stable government on their own. They also state that Iran is likely to stay away because troops are still going to be in the region. Republicans argue that Iraq is very unstable and if U.S. troops leave the country, prior agreements will be broken and forgotten. They even state the possibility of it coming back to haunt us in the future. The European view was expressed in the article from the Guardian. Mainly, the site is liberal, however the article came across as Republican. I believe this is because, regardless of political position, foreigners disagree with America’s influence on foreign affairs. The United States seems to meddle in disputes in other countries. MacAskill’s article emphasizes a disapproval of the withdrawal, and the waste of lives and money without an end result, just as the American Republican article emphasized. A similarity between the articles was the briefness of the paragraphs for an emphasis of main points and a greater ease of browsing for readers. Although there were a large occurrence of differences between each of the political party’s views, one other strong commonality persisted, we should get our troops home as soon as possible.

The position we are taking on this news is as follows: Politics play a big role in the beliefs of America. Whether one is Democratic or Republican, they have very different views. Obama’s six minute speech on the end of the Iraq war caused all of the articles and blogs and news reports that has lead to debate over what is actually right. No one will ever be happy with decisions in politics because of how different the views are. One person believes one thing, and their next door neighbor might disagree completely. This controlling of the news is what makes America a free country because everyone has the right to believe what they want to. And it also deals with freedom of speech because of how many different opinions have been written about this news topic. It can create controversy but that’s how America is. Democrats will continue to believe the end of the war is the right thing, while Republicans will believe the troops need to stay. When we look back on the end of this ten year war, people still 50 years from today will have differing opinions. The news is controlled by the beliefs of the people writing it.